% A L P H AD  AMS  ttA# 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/farmhousesmanorh00cram_0 


IN  NORMANDY 


Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia. 


FARM  HOUSES,  MANOR  HOUSES, 
MINOR  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL 
CHURCHES  FROM  THE  ELEV- 
ENTH TO  THE  SIXTEENTH 
CENTURIES  IN  NORMANDY, 
BRITTANY  AND  OTHER  PARTS 
OF  FRANCE 


With  a Preface  by 


RALPH  ADAMS  CRAM,  Litt.  D.,  LL.D. 


Fellow  of  the  oAmerican  Institute  of  c Architects 
Fellow  of  the  cFpyal  (geographical  Society,  £tc. 


THE  ARCHITECTURAL  BOOK  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
PAUL  WENZEL  AND  MAURICE  KRAKOW 
THIRTY-ONE  EAST  TWELFTH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


Copyright  1917 

BY 

Paul  Wenzel  and  Maurice  Krakow 


PREFACE 


DURING  the  last  century,  the  “human  scale”  vanished  from 


left  over  from  better  times,  so  our  standards  of  architectural  judgment 
were  transformed,  becoming  at  last  as  degenerate  as  our  architectural 
style  was  debased.  Our  whole  system  of  architectural  philosophy, 
architectural  teaching,  and  architectural  determinism,  so  dogmatic 
and  secure,  is  a thing  of  mushroom  growth ; a century  has  seen  it  come 
into  existence,  though  the  first  premonitory  symptoms  are  revealed 
during  the  beginnings  of  the  Renaissance.  Under  this  system  not 
only  has  the  “grand  manner”  held  as  a standard  of  judgment  as  be- 
tween one  historic  style  and  another,  and  in  the  controlling  of  all 
scholastic  design,  but  its  imperialistic  scale  has  been  applied  to  tlu* 
determining  of  architectural  philosophy  and  history  to  such  an  extent 
that  a purely  fictitious  theory  has  been  built  up  only  on  the  basis  of 
the  “big  things,”  to  the  total  exclusion  of  the  great  mass  of  small 
work,  whatever  its  period  or  its  nationality. 

It  is  probably  true  that  the  oldest  styles — Egyptian,  Greek, 
Roman,  Byzantine — were  styles  ol  “big  things,”  for  until  the  Middle 
Ages  freedom  and  an  approximate  democracy  were  unknown,  the 
basis  of  Antiquity  having  been  slavery.  Therefore,  whatever  archi- 
tecture there  was,  was  official,  whether  secular  or  spiritual,  and  beyond 
the  palace  and  the  fortress  on  the  one  hand,  the  temple  or  church  on 
the  other,  there  was  little  of  very  great  significance.  It  is  rational 
enough,  perhaps,  to  determine  these  styles  on  the  basis  of  their 
magnificent  ruins,  or  the  records  thereof,  but  with  the-  advent  of 
Medievalism,  the  status  of  society  is  changed  and  the  method  no 
longer  applies. 

The  Medieval  epoch  was  that  period  wherein  was  achieved  for 
the  first  time  a true  democracy,  under  the  only  control  that  can  insure 


life  and  a kind  of  brutal  imperialism  took  its  place  to  poison 
and  finally  destroy  the  whole  system  of  human  associations 


its  existence,  wherein  this  new  and  free  system  reached  its  full 
development,  and  when  it  extended  itselt  throughout  all  Western 
Europe.  The  Renaissance  is  the  time  that  marks  the  hrst  assault 
on  the  well  established  scheme  of  life,  and  the  years  that  follow,  even 
to  our  own  day,  form  that  space  of  time  wherein  the  “Christian  Com- 
monwealth” was  beaten  down  and  at  last  a close  approach  recorded 
to  the  servile  state  of  antiquity. 

From  the  first  beginnings  of  the  Middle  Ages  in  the  last  quarter 
of  the  X century,  the  “grand  style”  in  architecture  develops  side 
by  side  with  the  minor  style,  as,  under  the  new  social  conditions, 
must  have  been  the  case.  Great  abbeys,  cathedrals,  castles,  reveal 
themselves,  growing  ever  more  complex  and  gigantic,  but  art  is  no 
longer  the  possession  of  a favoured  few,  it  is  now  the  heritage  of  all, 
and  for  one  great  monument  there  are  scores  of  little  churches, 
minor  priories,  small  castles,  with  somewhat  later,  town  houses, 
chapels,  farms,  manors  and  chateaux  in  ever-increasing  numbers  and 
infallible  charm.  To  build  up  a philosophy  of  Medieval  art  and  a 
science  ot  Gothic  architecture  on  the  foundations  of  only  such  struc- 
tures as  the  abbeys  of  Caen,  the  cathedrals  of  Chartres,  Notre  Dame, 
Rheims,  Amiens,  Beauvais,  to  the  total  ignoring  of  the  work  and  the 
people  as  a whole,  is  absurd,  for  the  art  of  Medievalism  was  essen- 
tially a communal  art  and  to  a degree  never  approached  before.  It 
was  not  the  product  ol  a few  highly  trained  specialists  expressing 
their  own  idiosyncracies,  but  the  spontaneous  and  instinctive  art  of 
a whole  people,  or  rather  of  groups  of  people  acting  under  a common 
impulse,  in  accordance  with  varying  conditions,  to  a common  end. 

For  this  reason  it  is  impossible  to  form  an  adequate  idea  of 
Medieval  art  until  lull  regard  is  given  to  the  modest  products  of 
minor  scale;  such,  for  example,  as  those  illustrated  in  this  volume. 
Fortunately,  this  is  still  possible;  it  is  true  that  myriads  of  priceless 
examples  have  been  swept  away  through  accident,  war,  revolution, 
ignorance,  bad  taste,  but  the  original  number  was  so  great  that  in 
spite  of  all,  enough  remain  to  afford  a fair  idea  o!  what  the  style  was 
in  itselt,  and  as  well  ot  the  extraordinary  beauty  that  must  have 
clothed  the  Middle  Ages  as  with  a garment. 

The  same  is  true  of  the  Renaissance  and  after:  the  architectural 


II 


styles  that  have  this  title  have  achieved  a bad  name  through  the  too 
exclusive  dependence  by  their  expositors  on  the  great  monuments,  that 
are  only  too  often  manifestations  ot  a singular  barbarism.  These 
were  the  self-conscious  products  of  arrogance  and  bad  taste,  official 
in  status  and  wholly  sundered  from  society  as  a whole.  II  we  turn 
from  the  villas  of  Paladio  and  the  churches  of  San  Gallo  and  the 
palaces  of  Sansovino  to  the  farms  and  villini  and  convents  and  little 
chapels  scattered  broadcast  over  the  South  we  come  back  at  once  to 
the  human  scale,  and  to  a native  good  taste  that  refuses  to  be  brow- 
beaten by  insolent  pride  and  magisterial  competence. 

In  the  case  of  Medieval  architecture  there  was  complete  identity 
of  motive  and  of  standards  between  the  great  work  and  the  small, 
but  in  much  of  the  latter  may  be  found  local  and  special  qualities 
that  do  not  occur  elsewhere  and  are  invaluable  for  the  estimating  of 
the  art  as  a whole.  When  the  Renaissance  came  in  it  first  assailed 
the  great,  or  official  buildings  — abbeys,  cathedrals,  palaces, — and 
even  when  it  had  completely  established  itself  there  it  still  failed  for 
a long  time  to  influence  the  minor  work  to  any  material  degree. 
Long  after  the  nobles  and  the  great  ecclesiastics  were  building  them- 
selves their  vast  erections  in  the  most  approved  Classical  taste,  the 
parish  clergy  and  small  lords  and  prosperous  burgers,  true  to  their 
adherence  to  the  old  and  last  dissolving  ways  and  standards,  con- 
tinued to  build  more  or  less  as  their  fathers  before  them.  As  the 
classical  influence  slowly  worked  its  way  here  it  was  curiously  trans- 
muted by  popular  taste,  and  showed  itsell  in  quaint  and  engaging 
guise,  penetrating  the  Gothic  shell,  transforming  it  in  very  fascinating 
ways,  and  still  leaving  it  rather  of  the  old  order  than  of  the  new. 

This  is  true  not  only  of  France,  but  ol  Spain,  Flanders,  the  Rhine- 
land, and  particularly  ol  England,  where  some  of  the  old  traditions 
of  Medievalism  maintained  themselves  well  into  the  XIX  century, 
and  in  those  parts  of  the  country  furthest  removed  from  the  Court 
and  the  great  new  centres  of  trade  and  industry. 

Since,  therefore,  there  is  so  much  of  the  real  art  of  the  people  to 
be  found  in  the  generally  ignored  buildings  of  the  end  of  the  Middle 
Ages  and  the  earlier  part  of  the  Renaissance,  a book  such  as  this, 
which  confines  itsell  to  precisely  this  sort  of  thing,  is  very  valuable 


for  the  architect,  and  doubly  so  for  the  student  of  architecture. 
These  little  churches  and  chateaux  and  farm-houses  are  priceless 
documents  in  the  recording  of  the  most  universal  and  popular  type 
of  architecture  the  world  has  known,  but  they  are  as  well  invaluable 
for  the  architect  himself,  since  nine  tenths  of  what  he  does  must  be 
conceived  in  the  same  scale  and  of  similar  dimensions.  One  may  find 
all  over  the  country,  innumerable  churches,  supposedly  Gothic,  and 
one  hundred  feet  long,  or  even  less,  which  have  been  laboriously 
worked  out  from  the  pictures  of  the  vast  five  hundred  foot  cathedrals 
of  France  and  England,  with  results  that  can  better  be  imagined  than 
described.  There  is  one  in  particular  I have  in  mind,  in  a provincial 
town  in  one  of  our  Eastern  States,  which  is  certainly  not  over  90  feet 
in  length,  and  is  simply  a parody  of  the  cathedral  ol  Notre  Dame  in 
Paris.  It  is,  I think,  Baptist  (or  possibly  Congregational)  and  it  is 
built  of  yellow  brick  with  brown-stone  “trimmings.”  France  can 
show  two  hundred  churches  of  similar  dimensions,  conceived  in  a 
scale  fitting  their  dimensions,  any  one  ot  which  might  have  served 
as  a better  model,  but  an  insane  passion  for  bigness  of  model  and  a 
lack  of  available  documents  in  the  shape  of  pictures  has  led  to  this 
sad  but  humorous  aberration  that  might  otherwise  have  been  avoided, 
to  the  credit  of  architecture  and  the  edification  of  the  general  public. 

Another  case  is  a certain  “Tudor  Gothic,”  Episcopalian  church 
where  the  original  length  of  250  feet  has  been  cut  in  half,  and  the 
height  reduced  in  proportion.  Everything  is  minimized  in  the  same 
way,  except  the  detail,  mouldings,  carving,  sculptures,  and  these 
remain  of  the  same  scale  as  in  the  original. 

Of  course  all  this  sort  ot  thing  is  grossly  unintelligent,  but  we 
shall  never  get  away  from  it  until  we  can  take  for  our  necessary 
models,  work  of  the  same  type  and  scale  as  the  problem  we  ourselves 
have  to  solve.  It  is  a good  sign  that  many  of  the  books  now  being 
brought  out  deal  exclusively  with  work  of  human  scale  and  common 
nature,  while  the  “Cathedral  books”  are  being  relegated  to  the  place 
where  they  belong — a place  ot  dignity  and  importance,  but  one  that 
deals  with  inspiration  rather  than  with  precept. 

As  we  look  at  these  inconspicuous  works  of  “unpremeditated  art,” 
we  must  be  impressed  with  the  unfailing  beauty  that  marks  them  all. 


From  the  XI  century  to  the  XVII  it  would  appear  that  no  one  could 
build  unbeautifully  if  he  tried:  at  all  events  he  did  not,  and  every 
farm,  cottage,  chapel,  village  church  is  of  a beauty  we  cannot  touch 
today  no  matter  how  great  our  erudition  and  how  conscientious  the 
pains  we  take  with  our  task.  It  is  well  sometimes  to  contrast  what 
is  left  us  in  some  little  French  or  Italian  or  English  town,  with  any 
New  England  village  that  has  been  touched  by  “prosperity,”  or  some 
thriving  town  of  the  Middle  West.  Compare  the  half-timbered  or 
tiled  and  plastered  cottages,  the  modest  villa  or  manor  or  chateau, 
the  carved  shop  fronts,  the  parish  church  with  its  remains  of  old 
handiwork,  the  very  streets  and  door  yards  and  gardens,  with  the 
bold-faced  “mansions”  of  the  prosperous,  the  bald,  raw  dwellings  of 
the  ’seventies,  the  Noah’s  Ark  “meeting  houses”  and  the  awesome 
“Gothic”  of  the  more  advanced  religious  societies,  the  Carnegie 
Library,  the  brick  stores  and  the  rows  of  slate-coloured  tenements. 
In  the  first  instance  we  are  dealing  with  remnants  ol  a world  five 
centuries  ago,  a world  not  infrequently  referred  to  in  journalism  as 
the  “Dark  Ages.”  In  the  second  we  have  before  us  the  visible  expres- 
sion of  a Modern  Civilization  that  after  a century  of  headlong 
advances  has  at  last  reached  its  perfect  consummation.  What 
does  it  all  mean?  It  is  not  an  accident,  a negligible  episode,  a con- 
sideration of  no  importance;  it  has  a deep  and  vital  significance  and 
one  that  it  is  our  task  to  discover.  This  beauty  that  clothes  these 
old  buildings  with  imperishable  glory — the  little  equally  with  the  great 
is  a real  thing  with  a real  meaning  behind.  Perhaps  now,  when  the 
thing  that  expressed  itself  in  universal  ugliness,  is  revealing  something 
of  its  actual  nature,  we  shall  be  prompted  to  look  backward  to  and 
through  the  recorded  beauty  of  old  days,  to  see  if  there  we  may  not 
find  something  besides  that  beauty  itself — the  mystery  of  the  great 
force  and  the  forgotten  system  that  made  this  universal  beauty  not 
only  possible  but  unescapable. 

RALPH  ADAMS  CRAM. 


V 


i. 


V 

\ 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NEAR  BEAUMONT  LE  ROGER.  NORMANDY 


NEAR  BEAUMONT  LE  ROGER,  NORMANDY 

Photos  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia. 


I 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


VITRE— HOUSES  IN  RUE  BALAZE 


ENVIRONS  OF  LOUVIERS— VILLAGE  SMITHY 


2 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NORMANDY— FERME  DE  TURPE 


NORMANDY— FERME  DE  TURPE 


3 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NORMANDY—  MANOIR  D'ANGO 


NORMANDY-  MANOIR  D’ANGO 


4 


fit- 


. 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NORMANDY-  MANOIR  D’ANGO 


NORMANDY  -MANOIR  D’ANGO 


5 


S8SUSS!?*' 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHATEAU  DE  GRATOT— THE  FARM 


NORMANDY— FERME  LA  VALLAUINE 


6 


/' 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


BORDS  DE  LA  RANCE— A FARM  IN  BRITTANY 


SAINT-JULIEN-DU-SAULT — OLD  HOUSE 


7 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


■’*m'  v 

■P 


rmm 


LE  VIEUX  MANS— -MAISON  A VOUTE  ST.  JAQUES— NEAR  EISIEUX— OLD  NORMAN  FARM  HOUSE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NEAR  AUTUN— FARM  BUILDINGS  BELONGING  TO  THE  CHATEAU  DE  MONTJEU 


SAMOIS— OLD  HOUSES  NEAR  THE  COURT  HOUSE 


9 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


RAMBOUILLET  -THE  DOG  KENNEL 


CHAUMONT-SUR-LOIRE— THE  STABLES 


10 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


USSY— ENTRANCE  TO  THE  FARM  DU  POT  LAMBALLE— MA1SON  A TOURELLE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


TOUQUES  (CALVADOS).  THE  MARKET,  XV  CENTURY 


NEAR  MONT-SAINT-MICHEL— VILLAGE  STREET 


12 





FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


FARM  HOUSE  IN  NORMANDY 

Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia. 


FARM  HOUSE  IN  NORMANDY 

Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Tbomas,  Philadelphia. 


13 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ENVIRONS  OF  CONCARNEAU— AN  OLD  MILL  LA  CHATRL— OLD  GOTHIC  WELL 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


VIERZON,  OLD  HOUSES  IN  RUE  DU  CHAMP  COMMUNE 


PONT-L'EVEQUE,  NORMANDY — OLD  HOUSE 


15 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHENONCEAUX— CHURCH  AND  HOUSE  OF  THE  PAGES  OF  FRANCIS  I 


DOL— OLD  HOUSES  IN  LA  GRANDE  RUE 


16 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


if  liihi  pi 

S \ 

m 

LE  MANS— HOUSE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY  CAHORS— HOUSE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CAUDEBEC— OLD  HOUSES  IN  RUE  CORDONNERIE  MARTI NVILLE— OLD  HOUSES 


t 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CH  ATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


VANNES— HOUSES  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY  LOUVIERS— HOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MOULINS— HOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY  LISIEUX— HOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LISIEUX— OLD  HOUSE  IN  RUE  D'ORBEC  BOURGES— OLD  HOUSE  IN  RUE  BLANCHE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LANCRES— HOUSE  IN  RUE  DU  CARDINAL  MORLOT 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


wmm 


TOURS— OLD  HOUSES  IN  RUE  DU  CHANGE  MONT-SAINT  MICHEL— HOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MONT  SAINT  MICHEL— COUR  DE  LA  MERVEILLE  AMIENS— OLD  CITY  HALL 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ST.  REMY-LA-VARENNE— THE  PRIORY 


CUNAULT — HOUSE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


26 


/ 


'l1 


"4 


FARM  AND  MANOR  FIOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


L.ISIEUX-  MANOIR  CARRE 


\ 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


BEAUNE— HOTEL  DE  LA  MARE— INTERIOR  COURT 


28 


/ 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES.  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ORBEC—  HOTEL  DE  L'EQUERRE  AZAY-LE-RIDEAU— HOUSE  BUILT  IN  1442 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LOCHES— MAISONS  DU  CENTAURE  ET  LA  CHANCELLERIE 


30 


t<x. 


■*  $ ■ 


\ 


O'  ■ ? 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ARCHELLES— NORMANDY-  MANOR  HOUSE— FRONT  VIEW 


ARCHELLES— NORMANDY— MANOR  HOUSE  SIDE  VIEW 


31 


ISMS 


? 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


VENDOME CITY  HALL  ORLEANS — CORRIDOR  IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  AGNES  SOREL 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ALBI HOTEL  DE  REYNES  GALLARDON — HOUSE  IN  RUE  LA  GRANDE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


L1SIEUX— ROOM  IN  HOUSE  IN  RUE  AUX  FEVRF.S 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LISIEUX — OLD  HOUSES  NEAR  THE  PONT  DE  CAEN 


CAUDEBEC-EN-CAUX— OLD  HOUSES 


35 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LUYNES-  HOUSES  ON  PLACE  DE  L'EGLISE 

36 


SAINT  POL  DE  LEON— MAISON  CANONIALE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MONTOIRE — HOUSE  ON  LA  GRANDE  PLACE  TOURS— HOUSE  OF  JEAN  GALLAND 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LAMBALLE  OLD  HOUSE  IN  RUE  BASSE  BLOIS— HOUSE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ROUEN— HOUSE,  RUE  AMPERE 


39 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES.  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


AURAY— RUE  AU  LA1T  CHINON— OLD  MOUSES,  RUE  VOLTAIRE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHATENDUN— HOUSE  RUE  ST.  LUBIN  VERNEU1L—  HOUSE  RUE  DES  TANNERIES 


I 


/ 


l 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ROSCOFF— HOUSE  OF  MARIE  STUART 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


BEAUVAIS— HOUSE  IN  RUE  SAINT  LAURENT  SAINT-BRIEUX— HOUSES,  RUE  FARDEL 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LUYNES  (INDRE-ET-LOIRE)  VILLAGE  AND  CHATEAU 


LUYNES  (INDRE-ET-LOIRE)  VILLAGE  STREET 


44 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


BOURGES— HOUSE  OF  GUILLAUME  PELVOYSIN  TULLE— RUE  D'ALVERGE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


i 


LE  MANS— MAISON  SCARRON 


USSY  (CALVADOS)— THE  MANOR 


46 


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FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


TOURS— HOUSES  ON  PLACE  FOIRE-L.E-ROI  POITIERS— LOGIS  DE  LA  GRANDE  BARRE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ETAMPES  HOUSE  OF  ANNE  DE  PISSEL  EU 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ROUEN— HOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY  SAUMUR— OLD  HOUSES,  RUE  DACIER 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ROUEN— RUE  DES  MATELAS  VITRE— OLD  HOUSES.  RUE  PUITS-PESE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


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FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


VERNEUIL— OLD  HOUSE  IN  RUE  DU  CANON 


PAIMPOL  -ANCIENT  ABBEY  OF  BEAUPORT 


52 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LAMBALLE— HOUSES  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


DOL — MAISONS  DES  PLAIDS.  XV  CENTURY 


53 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MONTOIRE— MAISON  FAUBOURG  SAINT  OUSTRILLE 


54 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ROUEN  HOUSE  OF  DIANA  OF  POITIERS  GALLARDON— RUE  EA  GRANDE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ABBEVILLE— OLD  HOUSE 


ANNOUVILLE — OLD  HOUSE 


56 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


TOURS  HOUSE  RUE  DU  CYGNE 


57 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


AVRANCHES — OLD  BARRACKS 


RAMBOUILLET-  ENTRANCE  TO  NATIONAL  FARM 


58 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LANGEAIS— THE  HOUSE  OF  RABELAIS 


VALENCE— THE  CHATEAU  DE  BEAUREGARD 


59 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


RIOM— HOUSE  RUE  DE  MOZAC 


ROUEN-  HOUSE,  RUE  DES  ARPENTS 


60 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


SA1NT-P1ERRE-SUR-DIVES — HOUSE  OF  THOMAS  DUNOT,  XVI  CENTURY 


LA  CHAISE-DIEU-  MOUSE  OF  THE  XV  CENTURY 


61 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LISIEUX— CHATEAU  BREUIL-EN-ANGE 


HUELGOAT,  THE  COURT  OF  CHATEAU  DU  RUSQUE 


62 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


AUNEAU— THE  CHATEAU-NORTH  VIEW 


CHATEAU  DE  FOUGERES— COURT  VIEW 


63 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHATELDON— THE  CHATEAU 


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CHATEAU  CHASTLAVA 

Photo  by  Edward  B.  Stratton,  Boston 


64 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LOIR-ET-CHER— CHATEAU  DE  MOUSSEAUX 


SAINT-JAMES— CHATEAU  DE  PALUELLE — XVI  CENTURY 


65 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


SARTHE— CHATEAU  DE  LA  FLOTTE 


CHATEAU  DE  COURTANG1S.  NEAR  LAMNAY 


66 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHAUMONT— INTERIOR  COURT  VIEW  OF  THE  CHATEAU 


NEAR  AM  BOISE — MANOIR  D'ARISE 


67 


1 


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FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHATEAU  DE  CAVIGNY — XVI  CENTURY 


SAINT-TOL- DE-LEON—  HOUSE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


68 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LE-BREUIL  EN  AUGE— CHATEAU,  XVI  CENTURY 


LISIEUX— THE  CHATEAU  HERMIVAL— XVI  CENTURY 


69 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


GENNES  (BRITTANY)  THE  CHATEAU  DE  LA  MOTTE 


ENVIRONS  OF  BAYEUX— RUINS  OF  THE  CHATEAU  D'ARGOUZES 


70 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


COTES-DU-NORD— CHATEAU  DE  LA  MOGLAIS 


VAUBUIN— PAVILLON  HENRY  IV 


71 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHAMPIGNE— CHATEAU  DE  LA  HAMONIERE 


ENVIRONS  OF  COMPIEGNE — CHATEAU  DE  P1ESSIS-BRION 


72 


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FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHATEAU  DE  MORVILLE 


GACf"  -CHATEAU  -WEST  VIEW 


73 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CONCHES— ANCIENT  ABBEY  OF  THE  BENEDICTINS 


PENCRAN — MORGUE  OF  THE  XVI  CENTURY 


74 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


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NEUFCHATEAU— STREET  AND  CHURCH  OF  SAINT-CHRISTOPHE  LUYNES— THE  CHATEAU 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MONT-SAINT-MICHEL— STREET  IN  THE  TOWN  LOUVIERS— OLD  HOUSE  IN  RUE  HOTEL  DE  VILLE 


- 


ap* * *i 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


STE.  ANDRESSE — NORMANDY — MANOIR  DE  VITANVAL 


ORLEANS—!  IOUSE  OF  AGNES  SOREL 


77 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


EVREUX— RUINS  OF  AN  OLD  MANOR 


78 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LISIEUX— CHATEAU  DE  BOUTTEMONT 


MONT-SAINT -MICHEL 


79 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MONTMAIN  NEAR  ROUEN— VILLAGE  CHURCH 


SAINT  PIERRE  DE  MANNEVILLE— NEAR  ROUEN 


80 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


MORGNY  NEAR  ROUEN 


NOTRE  DAME  DU  THIL  NEAR  BEAUVAIS— CHURCH  OF  SAINT  LUCIEN 


81 


/ 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


SENLIS— THE  PRIORY  SAINT  MAURICE  BUILT  BY  HENRY  IV 


SAINT  ALBAN 


83 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


SAINT-NICOLAS  DE  BLIQUETUIT 


CLUNY,  ANCIENT  ABBEY 


84 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LA  VIEUX-RUE,  NEAR  ROUEN  PONT-L'EVEQUE,  CHURCH  OF  SAINT-MELAINE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LISIEUX— CHURCH  OF  OUILLY-LE-VICOMTE,  X CENTURY  PETIT — QUEVILLY,  CHURCH 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


DROUE— CHURCH  OF  THE  XI  CENTURY 


SAINT-MARTIN  DE  LA  LIEUE— X CENTURY 


87 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES.  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


CHURCH  AT  NIVILLERS  BOSC-GUERARD-SAINT-ADRIEN  NEAR  ROUEN 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


OUILLY-LE-VICOMTE,  CHURCH  OF  THE  XIII  CENTURY 


IZE,  BRITTANY.  TOWN  HALL 


89 


■ 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ETRETAT,  NORMANDY 

Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia 


90 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LIS1EUX— TOWER  OF  THE  XIV  CENTURY  V1ERZON— PLACE  D'EGLISE 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


ENVIRONS  OF  GAUDEBEC,  CHURCH  OF  SAINT-NICOLAS 
Photograph  bv  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia 


HONFLEUR— THE  CHURCH  OF  SAINT-CATHERINE 

Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia 


92 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


LA  CHATRE— LA  GRAND-FONT  VERNEUIL— OLD  CHURCH.  RUE  DES  MARRONIERS 

Photos  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia 


FARM  AND  MANOR  HOUSES,  CHATEAUX  AND  SMALL  CHURCHES 


NOHANT-VIC  NEAR  LA  CHATRE 

Photograph  by  Walter  H.  Thomas,  Philadelphia 


ENVIRONS  OF  LOUVIERS.  THE  CHURCH  OF  PINTERVILLE 


94 


